Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) characterisation of sildenafil based products seized on the Italian illegal market

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) characterisation of sildenafil based products seized on the Italian illegal market

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The commerce of illegal and copyright medicinal products on internet is a serious criminal problem.Drugs for erectile dysfunction such as gorra artesanal phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor are the most commonly counterfeited medicines in Europe.The search of possible toxic chemical substances in seized products is needed.

Moreover, the profiling of the material can be the source of relevant forensic information.For the first time a combined approach based on liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis deauville michel germain perfume (INAA) is proposed and tested, allowing characterisation of both authentic and illegal pharmaceuticals containing sildenafil seized in Italy.LC-HRMS allowed the detection and identification of unknown impurities not reported on labels in illegal products and the quantitation of the sildenafil.

INAA showed to be suitable to provide both qualitative and quantitative information for forensic purposes on 23 elements, allowing discrimination between legal and illegal products.Keywords: Illegal pharmaceutical products, Neutron activation analysis, High resolution mass spectrometry, Forensic analysis, Sildenafil.